Periodontal status among 12-year-old schoolchildren: a population-based cross-sectional study in Quito, Ecuador.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and extent of bleeding on probing and calculus in 12-year-old schoolchildren of Quito, Ecuador, and evaluate the associated factors. We conducted an epidemiological survey with a representative sample of 1,100 12-year-old schoolchildren from public schools in the urban area of Quito, Ecuador. We assessed the periodontal health using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The prevalence and extent of the periodontal condition was based on the presence of at least one site with bleeding on probing (BOP), and the presence of dental calculus was also evaluated. We used univariate and multiple multilevel Poisson regression analyses to verify the association between the independent variables and the number of sextants with BOP and calculus. The prevalence of BOP and calculus was 92% and 69.9%, respectively. The adjusted mean of the affected sextants was 4.3 and 2.2 for BOP and calculus, respectively. The mother's schooling and malocclusion were associated with the number of sextants with bleeding. The mother's schooling and dental caries experience were associated with calculus. Gingival bleeding and the presence of dental calculus are highly prevalent in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Quito. Gingival bleeding is associated with maternal education and malocclusion, and dental calculus is associated with maternal education and dental caries.

Periodontal status among 12-year-old schoolchildren: a population-based cross-sectional study in Quito, Ecuador

Abstract This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and extent of bleeding on probing and calculus in 12-year-old schoolchildren of Quito, Ecuador, and evaluate the associated factors. We conducted an epidemiological survey with a representative sample of 1,100 12-year-old schoolchildren from public schools in the urban area of Quito, Ecuador. We assessed the periodontal health using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The prevalence and extent of the periodontal condition was based on the presence of at least one site with bleeding on probing (BOP), and the presence of dental calculus was also evaluated. We used univariate and multiple multilevel Poisson regression analyses to verify the association between the independent variables and the number of sextants with BOP and calculus. The prevalence of BOP and calculus was 92% and 69.9%, respectively. The adjusted mean of the affected sextants was 4.3 and 2.2 for BOP and calculus, respectively. The mother's schooling and malocclusion were associated with the number of sextants with bleeding. The mother's schooling and dental caries experience were associated with calculus. Gingival bleeding and the presence of dental calculus are highly prevalent in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Quito. Gingival bleeding is associated with maternal education and malocclusion, and dental calculus is associated with maternal education and dental caries.

The current role and future potential of digital diagnostic imaging in implant dentistry: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: Diagnostic imaging is crucial for implant dentistry. This review provides an up-to-date perspective on the application of digital diagnostic imaging in implant dentistry. METHODS: Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed focusing on the question 'when (and why) do we need diagnostic imaging in implant dentistry?' The search results were summarised to identify different applications of digital diagnostic imaging in implant dentistry. RESULTS: The most used imaging modalities in implant dentistry include intraoral periapical radiographs, panoramic views and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). These are dependent on acquisition standardisation to optimise image quality. Particularly for CBCT, other technical parameters (i.e., tube current, tube voltage, field-of-view, voxel size) are relevant minimising the occurrence of artefacts. There is a growing interest in digital workflows, integrating diagnostic imaging and automation. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been incorporated into these workflows and is expected to play a significant role in the future of implant dentistry. Preliminary evidence supports the use of ionising-radiation-free imaging modalities (e.g., MRI and ultrasound) that can add value in terms of soft tissue visualisation. CONCLUSIONS: Digital diagnostic imaging is the sine qua non in implant dentistry. Image acquisition protocols must be tailored to the patient's needs and clinical indication, considering the trade-off between radiation exposure and needed information. growing evidence supporting the benefits of digital workflows, from planning to execution, and the future of implant dentistry will likely involve a synergy between human expertise and AI-driven intelligence. Transiting into ionising-radiation-free imaging modalities is feasible, but these must be further developed before clinical implementation.

Clinical outcomes of digital scans versus conventional impressions for implant-supported fixed complete arch prostheses: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: With the growing use of digital scanning, an evaluation of the clinical impact of digital scans versus conventional impressions in complete arch implant-supported prostheses is needed. However, systematic reviews on this subject are lacking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the scanning and impression times and the radiographic marginal bone loss over time associated with digital scans and conventional impressions for complete arch implant-supported fixed prostheses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing digital scans and conventional impressions for complete arch prostheses were included in the review. The scan and impression times and marginal bone loss were analyzed through random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Six RCTs were included. The meta-analysis was conducted by using a standardized mean difference (MD) and indicated a statistically significant reduction in time for the digital scan group compared with the conventional group (MD 10.01 [7.46, 12.55], P<.001, I²=80%). The fact that digital scans were used did not lead to significant differences in radiographic marginal bone loss compared with conventional impressions after 6 months (MD -0.03 [-0.14, 0.08], P=.58, I²=0%), after 12 months (MD -0.06 [-0.24, 0.12], P=.12, I²=45%), and after 24 months (MD -0.12 [-0.32, 0.09], P=.28, I²=58%). CONCLUSIONS: Digital scans significantly reduced the time required compared with conventional impressions for complete arch implant-supported prostheses. Nevertheless, additional studies with more consistent methodologies are needed for confirmation. No significant differences were found in radiographic marginal bone loss between treatments performed with digital scans and conventional impressions.

Incidence of peri-implant disease associated with cement- and screw-retained implant-supported prostheses: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Implant-supported fixed dental prostheses can be cement- or screw-retained on the implant or abutment, with advantages and disadvantages for each method. Cemented prostheses have been associated with peri-implant disease because cement remnants act as a reservoir for bacteria and hinder biofilm control. However, contrasting evidence has been presented regarding this association based on studies with varying designs, and a systematic review and meta-analysis is required. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to answer the focused question: In patients who received implant-supported prostheses, is the incidence of peri-implant diseases higher in cemented implant-supported prostheses than in screw-retained ones? MATERIAL AND METHODS: The search was conducted using the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE-PubMed), SCOPUS, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science databases. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed the incidence of peri-implant disease in cement- and screw-retained prostheses were included. Two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts, and analyzed the full texts, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The findings were summarized using meta-analyses with random effects, and the level of certainty of the evidence was determined using the grading of recommendations, assessments, development, and evaluations (GRADE) approach. RESULTS: The search yielded 4455 articles that met the inclusion criteria based on the title and/or abstract selection. A total of 6 RCTs were included for analysis. The meta-analysis revealed no significant difference between cement- and screw-retained prostheses for the risk of peri-implant mucositis (RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 0.42-4.38, P=.61). Similarly, no significant difference was observed between cement- and screw-retained prostheses for the incidence of peri-implantitis (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.23-4.31, P=1.00). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate certainty evidence suggests that cement- and screw-retained prostheses present a similar risk for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.

Current state about root coverage using soft-tissue substitutes in the presence of noncarious cervical lesions: A literature review.

About half of the cases of gingival recession are associated with the noncarious cervical lesion (NCCL), resulting in combined defects (CDs). NCCL negatively affects the root coverage outcomes. In addition, considering the morbidity associated with graft harvesting, soft-tissue substitutes (STSs) appeared as a suitable option for connective tissue grafts for surgical root coverage. Currently, the literature addressing the therapy of CDs employing STSs is scarce. Thus, the present review aimed to update the literature and outline the future perspectives about root coverage of CDs using STSs. A detailed literature search was conducted on MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using keywords and Boolean operators. Randomized clinical trials (2) and case reports (6) were included. None of the selected studies reported any adverse effect using STSs. Based on the limited evidence available, we cannot state that STSs may benefit the periodontal clinical and patient-centered outcomes. Randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the long-term outcomes, surgical approaches, and restorative protocols.

Efficacy of mouthrinses in reducing oral SARS-COV-2 load: a review.

Accumulated evidence has shown that the oral cavity may be an important reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Some authors have suggested that the use of mouthrinses could reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva. Thus, the aim of this review was to synthesize evidence about the efficacy of mouthrinses in reducing the salivary viral load of SARS-CoV-2. 2. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the efficacy of different mouthrinses in reducing salivary SARS-CoV-2 loads. Various active ingredients have been tested in these trials: 0.5%,1% and 2% povidone-iodine, 0.2% and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 0.075% CPC with Zinc lactate, 1% and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP), 1.5% HP + 0.12% CHX and ß-cyclodextrin and citrox. The studies reported an intra-group reduction in the salivary levels of the virus, when compared with the baseline. However, the majority of these trials failed to demonstrate a significant inter-group difference between active groups and the control group relative to the decrease in salivary SARS-CoV-2 loads. Although promising, these results should be confirmed by larger trials.

Influence of supracrestal tissue height on peri-implant hard and soft tissues of single implants placed in the esthetic area using the one abutment-one time approach: a 1-year prospective interventional study.

OBJECTIVE: This pilot, prospective interventional study aimed to analyze the influence of supracrestal tissue height when using the one abutment-one time concept at the time of implant placement, on peri-implant hard and soft tissue remodeling in esthetic areas. The definitive crown was placed 7 days later. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Facial mucosal margin position, mesial and distal papilla levels, and mesial and distal marginal bone loss were assessed after 7 days (placement of the definitive crown), and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after implant placement. Patients were classified according to the supracrestal tissue height as thin (< 3 mm) and thick (≥ 3 mm). RESULTS: Fifteen patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. Eight presented a thick supracrestal tissue height and seven a thin supracrestal tissue height. After 12 months, the implant success rate was 100%. The mean recession at the facial mucosal margin position was -0.47 ± 0.57 mm and -0.19 ± 0.41 mm in thin and thick groups, respectively (P = .29). The mean mesial papilla level recession was -0.19 ± 0.06 mm in the thin group and -0.01 ± 0.07 mm in the thick group (P < .01), and the mean distal papilla level recession was -0.15 ± 0.09 mm in the thin group and 0.00 ± 0.15 mm in the thick group (P < .05). The mean bone loss was -0.21 ± 0.18 mm and -0.04 ± 0.14 mm in the thin and thick groups, respectively (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Single maxillary anterior implants with thin supracrestal tissue height (< 3 mm) at the time of implant placement had greater bone loss and papillary recession than implants with a thick soft tissue height (≥ 3 mm), even when using the one abutment-one time concept.

The influence of smoking on the incidence of peri-implantitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the influence of smoking on the incidence of peri-implantitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The search was performed in the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE-PubMed), SCOPUS, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science databases (finished on November 30, 2022). Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA statement. Prospective cohort studies that evaluate the incidence of peri-implantitis in smokers and non-smokers were included. Two authors independently searched for eligible studies, screened titles, and abstracts, did the full-text analysis, extracted data, and performed the risk-of-bias assessment. The results were summarized through random-effects meta-analyses. The GRADE method was used to determine the certainty of evidence. RESULTS: A total of 7 studies with 702 patients and 1959 implants were included for analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant difference between smokers and non-smokers for the risk of peri-implantitis in the implant-based (p < .0001) and patient-based analysis (p = .003). A strong association between smoking and the risk for peri-implantitis was verified at the implant level (RR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.46-1.85) and the patient level (RR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.42-5.50). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate certainty evidence suggests that smoking is associated with peri-implantitis compared to non-smoking at the patient and implant levels.

Efficacy of mouthrinses in reducing oral SARS-COV-2 load: a review

Abstract Accumulated evidence has shown that the oral cavity may be an important reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Some authors have suggested that the use of mouthrinses could reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva. Thus, the aim of this review was to synthesize evidence about the efficacy of mouthrinses in reducing the salivary viral load of SARS-CoV-2. 2. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the efficacy of different mouthrinses in reducing salivary SARS-CoV-2 loads. Various active ingredients have been tested in these trials: 0.5%,1% and 2% povidone-iodine, 0.2% and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 0.075% CPC with Zinc lactate, 1% and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP), 1.5% HP + 0.12% CHX and ß-cyclodextrin and citrox. The studies reported an intra-group reduction in the salivary levels of the virus, when compared with the baseline. However, the majority of these trials failed to demonstrate a significant inter-group difference between active groups and the control group relative to the decrease in salivary SARS-CoV-2 loads. Although promising, these results should be confirmed by larger trials.

Como o cirurgião dentista pode ajudar fumantes no abandono desse hábito / How the dentist can help smokers to quit this habit

Smoking is a chronic disease, and it is considered a global epidemic associated with adverse effects on general and oral health. There is evidence that smoking cessation can improve health-related aspects and benefit the outcomes of dental treatments. Thus, it is important that dentists encourage smokers to stop smoking and provide care to those who wish to quit smoking. There are effective strategies that can be used by dental professionals to help smokers to quit and, consequently, obtain more favorable outcomes in the dental treatment. The aim of this literature review is to discuss the effect of smoking cessation on general and oral health, and to describe effective strategies to combat this important public health problem. Dentists should encourage their patients to quit smoking and they have an important role in this. There are many strategies available for health professionals to assist smokers that are willing to quit. (AU)

O tabagismo é uma doença crônica, considerada uma epidemia global, que leva à desfechos adversos na saúde geral e bucal. Por outro lado, há evidências de que a cessação desse hábito pode melhorar aspectos relacionados a saúde como um todo e beneficiar resultados de tratamentos odontológicos. Dessa forma, é fundamental que o cirurgião dentista motive fumantes a pararem de fumar e forneça assistência àqueles que desejam abandonar esse hábito. Para isso, existem estratégias eficazes que podem ser utilizadas para ajudar fumantes nessa difícil missão e, consequentemente, obter resultados mais favoráveis nos tratamentos realizados no consultório odontológico. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura foi discutir os efeitos da cessação do tabagismo sobre a saúde geral e bucal, bem como descrever estratégias eficazes para combater esse importante problema de saúde pública. Cirurgiões dentistas devem estimular seus pacientes a pararem de fumar e possuem um papel fundamental nessa questão. As estratégias disponíveis para assistir esses pacientes a parar de fumar podem e devem ser utilizadas por profissionais de saúde bucal. (AU)